PARENTS left heartbroken by the death of their ‘lovely and cheeky’ little boy are channelling their efforts into preventing further deaths from the cond-ition which killed him. Adorable eight-year-old Aaron Dearden, from Ramsbottom, suffered a
Astronaut Charles Duke drops a hammer on the moon and attempts retrieve it
BOSSES at the Highways Agency have confirmed the organisation has received a letter from a coroner about its M65 lighting policy. Michael Singleton, coroner for Blackburn, Hyndburn and the Ribble Valley said he planned to write to the agency following
If Tom Cairney misses out against Bolton Wanderers on Saturday through injury, how would your midfield line-up? I WOULD play Jason Lowe and Lee Williamson in centre-midfield, like against Reading, keep Craig Conway and bring in Chris Taylor, who
ROYAL Mail has suspended all deliveries to a Blackburn street after a postman was bitten by a dog. The company said it will no longer deliver to around 60 homes in Worcester Road, Whitebirk, because there is an ‘unacceptable level of risk’ to its
Burnley, Derby, QPR and Nottingham Forest appear to be the four teams in automatic promotion contention. How do you rate each of their chances? QPR seem to be falling away through what appear to be problems behind the scenes more than anything.
BBC seemed to suffer a camera error during this particular broadcast... Camera error, or seat? You decide.
BURNLEY youth team star Jamie Frost has put pen to paper on his first professional contract, with the 17-year-old signing a two-and-a-half year deal. The Clarets' first-year scholar has been in and around the senior squad this season, and travelled
A CAMPAIGNER who launched a one man project to improve his home town has stepped down. The ‘Catch Accrington’ campaign is now in danger of becoming defunct unless someone steps into the shoes of founder Mark Brown. Mark’s Facebook campaign
COUNCIL chiefs have warned that cuts to local government funding could see a reduction in its financial support for the annual Darwen Live music festival. Blackburn with Darwen executive member for leisure Coun Damian Talbot said the borough was
NEW Brussels rules to ensure electronic cigarettes can be sold as freely as their tobacco alternatives have been welcomed by East Lancashire Euro-MP Chris Davies. Overruling national governments, the European Parliament defeated proposals to classify
BLACKBURN and Hyndburn’s councils and MPs have reacted with anger and disappointment over Peel Group’s latest legal move to expand its Whitebirk Retail Park. The giant property company is asking the Supreme Court for leave to appeal the latest
BOSSES at the Royal Blackburn and Burnley General Hospitals have pledged to support ‘whistleblowers’ who bring forward concerns about patient care. East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust has signed up to support the ‘Speak Out Safely’ campaign spearheaded
A BLACKBURN author has been shortlisted for a prize after she was inspired to help her dyslexic son learn to read. Christina Gabbitas, 46, is the author of the Felicity Fly children’s series, which teaches children to read using short bursts of
A 49-YEAR-OLD woman continued to claim benefits despite working at two nurseries. Blackburn magistrates heard Karen Landon received a total overpayment of £2,198 during the six months she was working at Little Craft and Safe Hands nurseries.
STUDENTS from Blackburn College took part in a track day to mark the launch of the new Nissan Qashqai. They were given rides by a professional racing driver at Three Sisters Race Circuit near Wigan. The students, from the college’s motor vehicle
A RIBBLE Valley vicar is set to return to work after undergoing a quadruple heart bypass last year. The Rev George Darby, who is priest in charge at St Andrew’s in Slaidburn, will resume his full-time duties on Sunday, March 16, after more than
JAKE Berry, MP for Rossendale, has welcomed new government cash that will help thousands of families and businesses access superfast broadband. Lancashire is to receive £3.84million of extra investment to support local broadband projects. The
BURNLEY-born striker Jay Rodriguez has retained his place in the England squad to face Denmark at Wembley on Wednesday. The former Clarets forward made his England debut in November against Chile and has been named today in the squad for the final match
HOAX callers have been slammed for putting lives at risk after making 24 calls to the emergency services from the same phone box. Police are urging parents to speak to their children about the dangers of making false 999 calls after hoaxers have
ASK any participant in or spectator of the Championship who the best right back in the division is and more often than not the reply will be “Kieran Trippier”. Certainly in the corridors of Turf Moor it would be the answer on everyone’s lips.
A MAJOR debate on shale gas extraction, fracking, and its implications for East Lancashire is set to take place on Monday. Last December the Lancashire Telegraph revealed that swathes of the M65 corridor from north of Blackburn through Burnley,
A PICTURE can be worth a thousand words and the one on the back of Monday’s Lancashire Telegraph says all you need to know about the team spirit coursing through the Blackburn Rovers camp right now. Craig Conway, after scoring what proved to be
STEEL bollards are to be installed to protect the grass verge outside a Pendle pub after vehicles keep churning it up. While the county council does the work, residents have been asked to look out for the careless drivers who repeatedly destroy
BURNLEY have announced that the James Hargreaves Group have agreed to sponsor the main stand at Turf Moor for another three years. James Hargreaves have sponsored the stand since it was built in 1996 and Burnley boss Sean Dyche met with their managing
DANNY Ings has been named in the England under 21 squad for their game against Wales in Derby on Wednesday. Ings scored his first two goals for England under 21s against San Marino in November.
So my mum used to tell me, it was a bad dose of the measles that did it. Aged four, I got asthma. I’ve had it ever since. So have around 10,000 others in Blackburn alone. As a child, my asthma could be terrifying. Apart from breathing exercises
A REPORT produced by walking charity Ramblers has revealed a ‘serious backlog’ of paths waiting to be recognised as public footpaths. It highlights concerns that if any historic paths are not officially listed by 2026, they may be extinguished.
IT’S unusual to hear about postmen boycotting deliveries to an entire street due to a dog attack. Unfortunately, delivery men and women are subjected to such injuries on a fairly regular basis and it’s certainly not something they should accept
Watch this incredible footage of a pedestrian being wiped out by a snow plow, outside a car showroom.
FIRE crews were called out to reports of people trapped in a house fire but it turned out to be a hoax. Two engines from Nelson and one from Burnley were sent to the house in Halifax Road, Brierfield, at 11.17am yesterday. But when they arrived
THE charity launched by cancer sufferer Jay Lynchehaun has urged people to donate blood samples to aid research into the disease. Two years ago, the 27-year-old from Read was given the devastating news that he had a terminal brain tumour, but has
SURPLUS land left over from developing West Craven Technology College could be used to remodel land near Barnoldswick Primary School. The development and alterations at the technology college resulted in 7,100 cubic metres of soil and sub-soil
A BMW rolled down a hill, smashed through a back yard and two fences, before plummeting 15ft into a river, and landing on its roof. The black 1 Series 56 registered car was written off after the handbrake failed. Shocked owner Aisha Bagdadi
AN outgoing councillor received plaudits from all three main political parties in Pendle as her term of office came to an end. Coun Shelagh Derwent was forced to step down from her Blacko and Higherford seat after being unable to attend a council
MORE than 200 hi-tech jobs are to be lost after international health equipment manufacturer Smiths Medical announced it is shutting its Haslingden factory. The 30-year-old St Crispin Way complex will close by the end of July. The decision was
PAUL Robinson, Grant Hanley and Jason Lowe topped the Lancashire Telegraph’s Blackburn Rovers player ratings for February. Rovers played only three games during the month, not conceding a goal in wins over Blackpool and Reading as well as a draw at Middlesbrough
THE great and the good of British football past and present came out in force in Preston to honour the passing of Sir Tom Finney CBE. Thousands of people lined the streets of Preston to see the funeral cortege as it travelled from Deepdale stadium
STRIKE duo Sam Vokes and Danny Ings finished top of the Lancashire Telegraph’s Burnley player ratings for February. Vokes netted five times in five games during the month, while Ings scored three goals. The prolific strike partnership edged out Kieran
A DRUNK in the back of an ambulance pushed a paramedic out, staggered off past Tesco, fell into some shopping trollies and ended up in a bush, a court heard. Burnley magistrates were told how homeless Brian Fleming, 54, was banned from causing
ONLY half of Royal Blackburn and Burnley General staff would be happy for the hospitals to treat their friends and family, according to newly published survey results. East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust [ELHT] has performed badly on the headline
BURNLEY’S march to the Premier League could be defined by the month of March. Seven games in the space of 29 days will give the Clarets a better idea, come April, of how they will be involved in the promotion shake-up. With a 14-point swing
TAKE it one game at a time – it is the well-worn football cliché that becomes simply unavoidable at this stage of the Championship season. But in defence of the managers and players who trot it out can they do anything but given they operate in
A SIX-night run of the Willy Russell classic ‘Educating Rita’, from Colne Dramatic Society, will begin on Monday at the Little Theatre, in the town’s River Street. For tickets call 01282 861424 or call in at Colne Library. Curtain up will be at 7.30pm
COUNCIL tax for Todmorden residents will be frozen for the 2014/15 financial year, Calderdale Council has announced. A meeting at Halifax Town Hall saw councillors discuss recommendations made by the cabinet and the alternative budget from the
GARDENING volunteers are needed to help tend the grounds of Pendle Heritage Centre. The 18th Century walled garden at the centre, in Barrowford, is under development by volunteers. A spokesman for the centre, in Colne Road, said: “Several years
A 47-year-old man appeared before Burnley magistrates, accused of a £10,000 fraud. Steven Sumner is alleged to have committed three offences while working as a self-employed agent for S D Taylor Ltd, trading as Loans At Home For You, in Bacup.
YELLOW lines have been painted in Barnoldswick’s Victory Park to prevent inconsiderate parking by people working at the Rolls-Royce Bankfield site. Residents and park users have complained that workers were parking ‘indiscriminately’. Coun
PENDLE Hippodrome Theatre has announced details of a Gala Centenary Celebration On Saturday, October 4 the Hippodrome will celebrate 100 years of existence. A specially commissioned film about the theatre will be shown on the big screen followed by
A BESTSELLING author will give talks in Clitheroe and Sabden next month. John Pridmore, the author of ‘From Gangland to Promised Land’, will speak at St Michael and St John’s Church in Lowergate, Clitheroe, at 6pm on March 22, and at the 9.30am
FARMERS across the Ribble Valley have been invited to an informal meeting today organised by the Ribble Rivers Trust. It will take place at Chipping Village Hall, in Garstang Road, from 7.30pm to 9.30pm. Speakers’ topics will include soil management
CHURCH services in Hurst Green are set to move location while building work is carried out. Work is due to start on St John’s Church at the end of March to create a disabled entrance and doorway. Church services will move to the Old School
THE latest addition to a fleet of community buses which help transport elderly residents of isolated villages is to be unveiled on Friday. The Little Green Bus will be set on it’s way in Clitheroe by Ribble Valley Mayor, Coun Richard Sherras, 12
DARWEN Spartans Junior Football Club president Mark Atkinson will give a report on this year’s Football Gambia trip to Darwen Town Council on Tuesday. Also on the agenda is the upcoming veterans’ ball in Blackburn and updates from the mayor, Coun
TICKETS to see Andy Fairweather Low and The Low Riders at Darwen Library Theatre on November 22 go on sale tomorrow, costing £20 – call 0844 8471664.
PLANS to make alterations to dormer roofs to form pitched roofs at a property in Meadow Way, Turton, have been refused by Blackburn with Darwen Council officials under delegated powers.
DARWEN Christian Spiritualist Church, in Hawkshaw Avenue, welcomes Peter Clarke as guest medium tomorrow at 7.30pm. Entry costs £2 and there will be an open circle plus refreshments and healing after the service.
SCALLYWAGS Pre-School in Edgworth has organised The Great Edgworth Bake-Off today, to raise cash for Misteltoe for Cancer UK, which provides therapy for cancer patients. The competition is at the Barlow Institute, Bolton Road, and entry costs £3 with
CLASSICAL singer Katherine Jenkins has announced she will perform an outdoor concert at Hoghton Tower on Saturday, July 5. She will be supported by regular collaborator Anthony Inglis as well as the National Symphony Orchestra. The Welsh singer
WORLD Book Day is launched on Thursday, March 6, and Blackburn with Darwen is getting ready to partake in the celebrations. World Book Day is a celebration of authors, illustrators, books and reading, marked in more than 100 countries worldwide
A WALK and talk event has been organised by Blackburn with Darwen Council to celebrate National Women’s Day. The event will comprise a ‘discovery’ trail led by Emma Fielding around Corporation Park followed by a talk with coffee and cake. The
THE patient health watchdog for Lancashire has pledged to be a ‘powerful public voice’. Healthwatch Lancashire has finalised its ‘Strategy and Business Plan” for the next two years, which includes a promise to help patients ‘influence, change,
A 49-YEAR-OLD woman continued to claim benefits despite working at two nurseries. Blackburn magistrates heard Karen Landon received a total overpayment of £2,198 during the six months she was working at Little Craft and Safe Hands nurseries.
A CAR was broken into on a railway station car park. Officers from British Transport Police said the incident in Balshaw Lane, Euxton, happened shortly after 11am yesterday. They were trying to contact the owner of the blue Citroen CS to determine
FIREFIGHTERS attended when a resident reported a fire in Haslingden. When crews arrived at West View at 2am yesterday it was discovered there was steam coming from a storage heater, but no fire.
A FIRE broke out in the toilets at Clitheroe Conservative Club in Castle Street on Tuesday night. Firefighters were called at 7.20pm and, when they arrived on the scene, found the first floor was heavily smoke-logged. The light fitting in the
BLACKBURN Cathedral’s weekend all-night lock-in has been hailed a ‘fantastic’ success. Scores of youngsters from across Lancashire enjoyed one of the biggest youth events ever held by the Church of England in the county, The ‘Sanctuary: Love Never
A 29-YEAR-OLD man refused to give a breathalyser sample when he was stopped by police who suspected he had been drinking. Blackburn Magistrates’ Court heard it was the third time Jonathon Anthony Scotting had been involved in a drink-related driving
A CORONER has adjourned the inquest into the death of a man who fell 30ft from the window of the Salvation Army building, in Blackburn. Anthony Goldie, 35, who was staying at the hostel, in Heaton Street, suffered a severe trauma to his head and
NHS volunteers will lead a moderate to fast ‘health walk’ from Mercer Hall in Great Harwood at 10.15am tomorrow. Call 01254 358046.
A PARENTS’ evening is taking place at an Oswaldtwistle high school tonight. An evening to discuss subject options and a general parents evening takes place at Mount Carmel High School from 4pm to 7pm.
A VINTAGE and craft fair is taking place in Great Harwood next month. The event is to feature 25 stalls at the event at Churchfield House, Church Street on Sunday, March 23 from 10am until 4pm.
TRAIN staff spotted a man walking on the line in Wilpshire. The incident, which happened around 7.14am on Monday, was reported to British Transport Police by workers on the Clitheroe to Manchester train. When police attended, the area was searched
ACOUSTIC sessions aimed at promoting local talent take place in Clitheroe tomorrow at The Atrium Cafe at Clitheroe Castle from 6.30pm. Money raised from the events will be donated to Save The Children and Unicef.
A MEETING for those involved with Gisburn Scarecrow Festival will be held in the village on Monday. The inaugural Gisburn Scarecrow Festival will be held on Saturday and Sunday, June 28 and 29, and will have a children’s book theme. The meeting
A HOE Down will take place at Chipping Village Hall tomorrow from 7.30pm. Admission is £7.50 for adults and £5 for children under 12 years. The cost includes a pie and peas supper and a choice of sweets. The proceeds will be donated to
LADY and the Tramps, a local band, will be playing at Cafe Artisan in Brook Street, Rawtenstall, at 9pm tomorrow.
VOLUNTEERS from Rossendale Civic Pride have removed 10 bin liners of litter and discarded property from off Limey Lane and Burnley Road in Rawtenstall.
AN ONLINE Basics Computer Course is held at Bacup Library on Wednesday at 11 am. Get free help to get online, use the mouse and keyboard, search the web safely, apply for jobs, use public services and use the library online.
YOUNG Spanish goalkeeper David Raya has signed his first professional contract with Blackburn Rovers. The 18-year-old, who joined Rovers two years ago from Barcelona-based club Cornella, has put pen to paper on what the club describe as a ‘long-term
A FILM on the work being done to save the spoon-billed sandpiper will feature when East Lancashire Ornithologists’ Club meets at St Anne’s School, Wheatley Lane Road, Fence, on March 4 at 7.30pm.
A DEMENTIA cafe takes place today at the Arcadia Cafe, in Windy Bank, Colne, from 2pm to 4pm, offering support to sufferers and their families alongside a selection of cakes and beverages.
LAND next to Alkincoats Park in Colne, off Haverholt Close, with planning permission for eight homes, is up for sale with the borough council’s property agents Liberata, and bids of around £175,000 are being invited.
ONE-to-one help to quit smoking will be offered at the Asda pharmacy in Burnley from 9am to noon tomorrow. For details call 01254 283370 or 0800 3286297.
DANIEL Charles Parkinson, 24, of the Kings Arms, Bawdlands, Clitheroe, was remanded on bail by Blackburn magistrates after pleading not guilty to assaulting Brett Baldwin.
REIDY’S Talent Contest continues today with the second round of heats at King George’s Hall, Blackburn at 7pm. The evening will feature Burnley’s Don’t Push The Jazz Button, Blackburn’s Chris Hinnigan and Reece Bibby and Shadow Play, from Accrington
THERE was an increase in women attending East Lancashire’s emergency ward last year, with 85,719 in 2012/13, compared to 82,424 in 2011/12. There was a small reduction in attendances by men, from 92,497 to 91,061.
JOHNNY Bramwell, lead singer of cult indie band I Am Kloot will perform live at The Grand in York Street, Clitheroe tomorrow night. Doors open at 7pm and tickets are £15 in advance.
JASON Dewhirst, 38, of Emma Street, Accrington, was made subject to a curfew for six weeks between 8pm and 7am when he appeared before Blackburn magistrates and pleaded guilty to two charges of shoplifting.
GREAT Harwood Farmers’ Market is taking place this Sunday offering quality, local produce from the area. The event runs on the first Sunday of each month with a variety of stalls open from 9am until 2pm at the Towngate site.
NEARLY 2,000 people in the East Lancashire NHS area were admitted to hospital due to obesity problems last year, according to figures from the Health and Social Care Information Centre. This equated to 510 admissions per 100,000 of the population
NORTH West Ambulance Service met its target for responding to ‘Red 1’ calls in January. About 77 per cent of Red 1 calls across the region, which cover patients with the most serious problems, received a response within eight minutes, against the
ONE-to-one computer tuition will be offered at the Age UK Resource Centre in Whalley Road, Accrington at 12.30pm tomorrow. Pre-book on 0300 303 1234. It costs £2 per session.
MARK Hindle, the chief executive of Calderstones Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, has pledged to listen to staff and create equality of opportunity within the organisation.
BROADWAY Lights, West End Nights, a selection of song and dance numbers from the world’s favourite musicals, will be performed by Burnley Light Opera Society and a live band at the Mechanics theatre. Last year’s performances were sell outs.
BLACKBURN Rovers' twice postponed home game against Brighton & Hove Albion will now take place on Tuesday, April 1 (7.45pm). The clash of the play-off rivals was supposed to go ahead on Saturday, February 15 and then Tuesday, February 25.
WALES should build their Euro 2016 forward line around Burnley striker Sam Vokes, says Sam Ricketts. The Wolves skipper, who like Vokes is in the Welsh squad for the friendly with Iceland in Cardiff on Wednesday, says that the striker deserves
PAUL Robinson sees no reason why Blackburn Rovers cannot gatecrash the play-offs. And the in-form Rovers goalkeeper reckons Saturday’s gritty 1-0 win at Reading was the perfect example why. Robinson said: “We’ve got a good squad here with a
THE death of a man in a paragliding accident on Pendle Hill was a tragic accident, an inquest heard. Emergency services were called at shortly after midday on Wednesday, December 4 last year to Well Springs, Sabden, where 48-year-old father of
DESPITE parts of Taunton still reportedly being only accessible via a submarine, racing looks set to go ahead today for a cracking seven race card. Paul Nicholls’ local track has been a happy hunting ground this season but I think a number of his
A DRAMATIC rooftop siege ended after four and a half hours last night when a wanted man gave himself up to police. The 26-year-old man was found when officers called at an address in Norfolk Close, Clayton-le-Moors on an unrelated matter. Once
A FARMER who kept 37 dogs, including 22 puppies, in appalling conditions has been banned from keeping animals for 10 years. Paul Alton, 51, kept the animals in a ‘faeces-ridden’ static caravan, littered with tins, cans and rubbish, Burnley magistrates
ROSS Wallace has revealed he knew that Burnley were destined for big things under manager Sean Dyche. And the fit-again winger is eager for the chance to have his say in a potential promotion season. Wallace was sidelined from mid-August after
BLACKBURN Rovers boss Gary Bowyer believes the instant impressions made by new boys Craig Conway and Luke Varney is proof positive that homework pays off. Conway marked his full debut by scoring the winner at Reading last Saturday while Varney
A ‘NORMAL’ girl from Padiham has become a national star following a mobile phone network campaign to encourage sharing silly stuff with loved ones. Jolie Forrest is the face of the new Three advert, set to Starship’s eighties power anthem, ‘We
Champion Knight heads field IF you want to see Europe’s best enduro racers in action this weekend, then Whitworth is the place to be. Back Cowm Quarry, off Tong Lane is the venue for round two of the European Extreme Enduro Championship
CICELEY Motorsport have unveiled the livery on their new-for-2014 WIX Racing Mercedes-Benz A Class. Adam Morgan, from Blackburn, who scored his first BTCC podium at Oulton Park last season, will pilot the yellow and black machine for 2014 with
THE future is looking very bright for Orangebox driver Steve Entwistle. For the Rishton-based rallyman will contest the full HRCR Clubmans Rally Championship, which starts this weekend, with backing from an East Lancashire company. Mini Sport
Your guide to the upcoming events... * Saturday: Mid Lancs Cross Country round six in Kendal. * March 8: Bolton Hill Marathon. The race starts at 9:30am from Moss Bank Park. For more details contact organiser Philip Eccleston on 07533 828533
TWO highly rated Pendle AC youngsters raced to top-20 finishes at the English National Cross Country Championships in Nottingham on Saturday. Kai Atkins and Matthew Barnes both enhanced their growing reputations with excellent displays at the big
A CANNABIS farm was found in a number of rooms at an address in Burnley last night. Police discovered 40 plants after attending a house in Briercliffe Road shortly after 10.25pm. A fire crew from Burnley station was asked to help gain access
THERE was no home joy in the Darwen Dashers’ Dark ‘Un Fell Race on Friday night. The top eight places in the annual race – in which competitors wear head torches as they negotiate the 8.1km course in pitch black conditions – were taken by athletes
JAMES Beattie believes Accrington Stanley are not getting their fair share of decisions from referees after hitting out at a tackle on Peter Murphy in Tuesday’s defeat at Portsmouth. Stanley were beaten 1-0 in front of a crowd of 13,387 at Fratton
Test your sporting knowledge with our daily sport quiz... 1 Name the stadium Northampton Town Football Club left in 1994 to move to their current Sixfields home. 2 How many shots over par for the tournament was Justin Rose in winning golf’s
ENGLAND boss Roy Hodgson names his squad for the friendly with Denmark today and it is expected to have an experiemental look as he tries to establish who will be on the plane to Brazil for the World Cup this summer. One man hoping his name will
CHORLEY boss Garry Flitcroft is hoping his side can bounce back from their midweek defeat at Rushall Olympic on Tuesday night by picking up three points at Witton Albion this weekend. The Magpies missed the chance to extend their advantage at the
Burnley have sold out of lower tier tickets for their East Lancashire derby at Blackburn Rovers on Sunday, March 9. A small number of family tickets remain on sale in the upper tier for the match.
JOE Garner and former Burnley star Graham Alexander are among those who have been chosen to act as pallbearers for Sir Tom Finney’s funeral today. Blackburn-born Garner, who started his career at Rovers, is a key part of Preston North End’s current
Former Burnley defender Frank Sinclair is the early bookmakers’ favourite for the vacant manager’s job at Skrill Premier side Wrexham. Sinclair is currently the boss of Skrill North side Colwyn Bay.
Blackburn Rovers midfielder Corry Evans has not been named in the Northern Ireland squad for their friendly in Cyprus on Wednesday. Burnley defender Daniel Lafferty is included as are former Clarets pair Kyle Lafferty and Martin Paterson. Burnley-born
Blackburn Rovers are urging fans to get their tickets in advance for Saturday’s derby clash at Bolton Wanderers. Bolton are yet to decide if they will be selling tickets on the day to visiting supporters. MORE TOP STORIES East Lancashire
Forgotten Gold is not always the safest of conveyances, but has talent and can lift a good prize in the Forbra Gold Cup at Ludlow on Thursday. Tom George's gelding has fallen and unseated on two of his last three starts, but was well in contention
