THE reindeer is one of the most fascinating animals associated with the festive season. Let us get a few facts straight about the natural history of this species.

They carry out large scale migrations in order to reach warmer wintering areas from their northern breeding grounds. Reindeers are unique in the sense that both males and females have antlers.

The males shed their antlers in winter and therefore Santa's Christmas reindeers must all be females.

A few further points are of interest. Reindeer communicate with each other by clicking their toe nails. On their feet they also have hairs which are hollow and contain air which is an ideal insulator.

Some of the northern tribes, such as the Sami, have more than 40 words meaning reindeer. This is not surprising because the animal provides so many things upon which the people depend. There is milk, fur, blankets, tents, transport and many other essentials.

Next time you celebrate Rudolf at Christmas, spare a thought for Mrs Rudolf and just how valuable the species has been and still is in our human history.