Critics rap survey claiming Blackburn folk aren’t satisfied with their lot

1:53pm Friday 27th July 2012 in Health Photograph of the Author By Bill Jacobs, Local government reporter

HAPPY FACES Pupils from St Annes Primary, Blackburn, and St Francis, Cherry Tree, show their smiles for the Queen’s visit HAPPY FACES Pupils from St Annes Primary, Blackburn, and St Francis, Cherry Tree, show their smiles for the Queen’s visit

A £2 MILLION happiness survey championed by Prime Minister David Cameron has found people in Blackburn with Darwen are among the least satisfied in the country.

But the study has been blasted by critics for being unscientific and council leisure chief Damian Talbot said the investigation pointed to ‘high expectations’ among local people more than anything else.

An Office of National Statistics survey found people in the borough rated their ‘life satisfaction’ at 7.10 out of 10, with only Thurrock and the West Midlands lower at 7.09.

Lancashire, covering rural Ribble Valley as well as Accrington, Burnley and Colne, comes in at 7.48 compared to the national average 7.41. Orkney and Shetland was the highest at 8.1 out of 10. However the ONS survey admits things like being in work, owning your own home, whether your are happily married and being a highly-paid doctor or lawyer all affect happiness.

Critics, including Blackburn with Darwen Tory leader Michael Lee, said the whole survey was a waste of time while the number of people taking part was too low to be accurate. In total 858 people in Blackburn responded and 1,563 in Blackburn. Coun Lee said: “Filling in forms makes people depressed anyway, especially when the weather is bad.”

When it comes to how ‘worthwhile’ people’s lives are, Blackburn rated 7.41, Lancashire’s 7.78 and the national average 7.66.

Asked “how happy were you yesterday?” Blackburn rated 7.02 out of 10, Lancashire 7.34 and the national average 7.28.

For yesterday’s anxiety levels Blackburn’s 3.33 out ten was worse than Lancashire’s 3.02 and the national average of 3.14.

ONS statistician Lucy Tinkler maintained the figures were ‘robust’ despite admitting their was an error margin with all statistics.

Blackburn with Darwen’s executive member for leisure Damian Talbot said he sceptical about the results. He said: “I just think people in Blackburn have high expectations and that’s reflected in this survey.”

And the views of the famous

Carl Fogarty, Blackburn-born superbike racer

“I am obviously happy otherwise I wouldn’t be here. I was born here. My family is from here. It is my home town and I love it. If anybody said anything bad I would jump down their throats. I am so proud of where I am from.”

Jack Straw, Blackburn MP

“I love Blackburn. The best bit is the people. I travel the country and I can see the town is more vibrant than any other. It has a fantastic countryside, its schools have improved and crime is relatively low. And of course there’s Rovers too.”

Gary Aspden, fashion designer, from Darwen

“Growing up in Darwen, I loved Bold Venture Park, Pickup Bank music festival, acid house parties and there were loads of good looking girls.”

Jim Bowen, comedian

“I was happy there in the ‘70s. It was a nice, decent area, the people were nice. But I wouldn’t like to live there now, it is not nice with the recession. The area’s suffered.”

Comments (22)

2:14pm Fri 27 Jul 12

A Darener says...

Those asked were probably all Rovers fans, so obviously they are depressed.
Those asked were probably all Rovers fans, so obviously they are depressed. A Darener

2:31pm Fri 27 Jul 12

gazp64 says...

its a total s***hole
its a total s***hole gazp64

2:41pm Fri 27 Jul 12

jimpy0 says...

if you only ask certain people or groups you usually get the answers your looking for --- theres many who are SERIOUSLY dissatisfied living here but are silenced.
if you only ask certain people or groups you usually get the answers your looking for --- theres many who are SERIOUSLY dissatisfied living here but are silenced. jimpy0

3:43pm Fri 27 Jul 12

Noiticer says...

Blackburn is not the town it was fifty years ago. Yes, the built environment is much better in most cases and air quality is much improved and both schools and health facilities have been transformed.Its industrial base, whilst more balanced is but a pale shadow of its former self like so many towns. It is the cultural and social mix of the town which has drastically changed and I suspect it is this which underlines the low scores. The town has increasingly lost its white middle class and upwardly mobile working class populations who have fled to the suburbs and well beyond leaving behind a much less socially cohesive and affluent place. Those who have 'fled' may now only return to work there and possibly shop there though the car gives them a choice to go elsewhere. I suspect that many of those who are responsible for running the town live miles from its urban centres or outside the Borough altogether so can present a rosy picture whilst retreating to their rural idylls at the end of the day. And come to that where does Jack Straw live most of the time - London, and I wonder if he still has his rural retreat in the Cotswolds?
Blackburn is not the town it was fifty years ago. Yes, the built environment is much better in most cases and air quality is much improved and both schools and health facilities have been transformed.Its industrial base, whilst more balanced is but a pale shadow of its former self like so many towns. It is the cultural and social mix of the town which has drastically changed and I suspect it is this which underlines the low scores. The town has increasingly lost its white middle class and upwardly mobile working class populations who have fled to the suburbs and well beyond leaving behind a much less socially cohesive and affluent place. Those who have 'fled' may now only return to work there and possibly shop there though the car gives them a choice to go elsewhere. I suspect that many of those who are responsible for running the town live miles from its urban centres or outside the Borough altogether so can present a rosy picture whilst retreating to their rural idylls at the end of the day. And come to that where does Jack Straw live most of the time - London, and I wonder if he still has his rural retreat in the Cotswolds? Noiticer

4:35pm Fri 27 Jul 12

RUinsane says...

I like Blackburn, although I live in Darwen. Blackburn is okay, Darwen on the other hand is ace. I suppose living in Blackburn would be like living in a terraced house, whilst living in Darwen is like living in a detatched in its own grounds. I love Darwen. It keeps Blackburn propped up and stops it sliding into Burnley, now that would be a disaster.
I like Blackburn, although I live in Darwen. Blackburn is okay, Darwen on the other hand is ace. I suppose living in Blackburn would be like living in a terraced house, whilst living in Darwen is like living in a detatched in its own grounds. I love Darwen. It keeps Blackburn propped up and stops it sliding into Burnley, now that would be a disaster. RUinsane

5:09pm Fri 27 Jul 12

davidinburnley says...

These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!)
There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.
There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom?
There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country.
Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there!
These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!) There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale. There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom? There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country. Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there! davidinburnley

5:35pm Fri 27 Jul 12

stan the man says...

Jim Bowen,Carl Fogarty,Jack Straw,all live out of Blackburn,the Telegraph need to go to the people of the town.the survey has been done,dont talk to people who only drive through the place!!!
Jim Bowen,Carl Fogarty,Jack Straw,all live out of Blackburn,the Telegraph need to go to the people of the town.the survey has been done,dont talk to people who only drive through the place!!! stan the man

5:52pm Fri 27 Jul 12

Michael@ClitheroeSince58 says...

davidinburnley wrote:
These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!)
There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.
There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom?
There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country.
Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there!
Took the words right out of my mouth David :)
[quote][p][bold]davidinburnley[/bold] wrote: These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!) There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale. There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom? There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country. Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there![/p][/quote]Took the words right out of my mouth David :) Michael@ClitheroeSince58

5:54pm Fri 27 Jul 12

RUinsane says...

davidinburnley wrote:
These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!)
There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.
There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom?
There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country.
Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there!
I've heard about your love for visiting areas like Bank Top on a regular basis, for purely comparison purposes only of course.
[quote][p][bold]davidinburnley[/bold] wrote: These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!) There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale. There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom? There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country. Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there![/p][/quote]I've heard about your love for visiting areas like Bank Top on a regular basis, for purely comparison purposes only of course. RUinsane

5:59pm Fri 27 Jul 12

RUinsane says...

Michael@ClitheroeSin
ce58 wrote:
davidinburnley wrote:
These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!)
There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.
There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom?
There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country.
Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there!
Took the words right out of my mouth David :)
So you like driving slowly through bank top as well? Do you keep stopping and asking the ladies in their fishnets for directions?
[quote][p][bold]Michael@ClitheroeSin ce58[/bold] wrote: [quote][p][bold]davidinburnley[/bold] wrote: These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!) There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale. There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom? There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country. Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there![/p][/quote]Took the words right out of my mouth David :)[/p][/quote]So you like driving slowly through bank top as well? Do you keep stopping and asking the ladies in their fishnets for directions? RUinsane

8:07pm Fri 27 Jul 12

davidinburnley says...

RUinsane - No. Then again, I don't know that many gay men that make a habit of asking 'ladies in fishnets' questions.
My point is that Blackburn (that apparently used to be part of Lancashire) is a sh!thole and there ain't nowt you, or anyone else, can say that will change the people who are fortunate enough not to live there.
If you want to believe it's an 'ace' place then a) you're deluded and b) you really need to get out more.
RUinsane - No. Then again, I don't know that many gay men that make a habit of asking 'ladies in fishnets' questions. My point is that Blackburn (that apparently used to be part of Lancashire) is a sh!thole and there ain't nowt you, or anyone else, can say that will change the people who are fortunate enough not to live there. If you want to believe it's an 'ace' place then a) you're deluded and b) you really need to get out more. davidinburnley

9:24pm Fri 27 Jul 12

Good call says...

I wonder if they included wether people are satisified with the corrupt banking and political system,the over the top security at airports,endless wars overseas,cuts to public services,the lack of a refferendum on the eu,their taxes being used to prop up banks,having to pay £145 a year for simply watching TV and the contiuning surveilance state.
I wonder if they included wether people are satisified with the corrupt banking and political system,the over the top security at airports,endless wars overseas,cuts to public services,the lack of a refferendum on the eu,their taxes being used to prop up banks,having to pay £145 a year for simply watching TV and the contiuning surveilance state. Good call

10:07pm Fri 27 Jul 12

RUinsane says...

davidinburnley wrote:
RUinsane - No. Then again, I don't know that many gay men that make a habit of asking 'ladies in fishnets' questions.
My point is that Blackburn (that apparently used to be part of Lancashire) is a sh!thole and there ain't nowt you, or anyone else, can say that will change the people who are fortunate enough not to live there.
If you want to believe it's an 'ace' place then a) you're deluded and b) you really need to get out more.
Aha but you're biased because they don't have a mincing pride festival in Blackburn. Anyway, I never said Blackburn was ace, I said Darwen was ace it also transpires if Darwen is a detatched property in its own grounds and Blackburn is a terraced then that makes Burnley a pond.
[quote][p][bold]davidinburnley[/bold] wrote: RUinsane - No. Then again, I don't know that many gay men that make a habit of asking 'ladies in fishnets' questions. My point is that Blackburn (that apparently used to be part of Lancashire) is a sh!thole and there ain't nowt you, or anyone else, can say that will change the people who are fortunate enough not to live there. If you want to believe it's an 'ace' place then a) you're deluded and b) you really need to get out more.[/p][/quote]Aha but you're biased because they don't have a mincing pride festival in Blackburn. Anyway, I never said Blackburn was ace, I said Darwen was ace it also transpires if Darwen is a detatched property in its own grounds and Blackburn is a terraced then that makes Burnley a pond. RUinsane

12:19am Sat 28 Jul 12

Michael@ClitheroeSince58 says...

RUinsane wrote:
Michael@ClitheroeSin

ce58 wrote:
davidinburnley wrote:
These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!)
There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.
There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom?
There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country.
Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there!
Took the words right out of my mouth David :)
So you like driving slowly through bank top as well? Do you keep stopping and asking the ladies in their fishnets for directions?
I could never do that but I do like the rougher type of woman slutty around early 20ish Yummy ;)
[quote][p][bold]RUinsane[/bold] wrote: [quote][p][bold]Michael@ClitheroeSin ce58[/bold] wrote: [quote][p][bold]davidinburnley[/bold] wrote: These results don't surprise me at all. Blackburn is just one of those places most of us try to avoid. Even Preston is better than Blackburn (which I admit is saying something!) There is talk of how wonderful the countryside that surrounds Blackburn is - that's true, but it is actually in the Ribble Valley, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale. There is talk of how friendly Blackburn is - erm, to whom? There is talk of how well the town has been 'rebuilt' from its former industrial mess - really? Are you being serious? A road system that is constantly clogged, constantly being changed and probably the most illogical layout in the country. Of course, the residential areas are 'top notch'. I love driving through places like Accrington Rd, Bastwell, Roe Lee, Bank Top etc etc etc etc etc etc - it really makes me realise how lucky (and happy) I am not to live there![/p][/quote]Took the words right out of my mouth David :)[/p][/quote]So you like driving slowly through bank top as well? Do you keep stopping and asking the ladies in their fishnets for directions?[/p][/quote]I could never do that but I do like the rougher type of woman slutty around early 20ish Yummy ;) Michael@ClitheroeSince58

9:07am Sat 28 Jul 12

The-Jerome-and-Steve-Show says...

I live in Blackburn and yes its grim, but lets not get carried away Burnley is by far a bigger slum.
I live in Blackburn and yes its grim, but lets not get carried away Burnley is by far a bigger slum. The-Jerome-and-Steve-Show

9:39am Sat 28 Jul 12

davidinburnley says...

Have you ever actually been to Burnley Jerome?
Ever visited Towneley Hall, Gawthorpe Hall? Ever been to the Cliviger Gorge, the Singing Ringin Tree? Ever seen the beautiful old houses along Todmorden Rd, Padiham Road, Ighten Park Lane etc? Ever seen the beautiful parks we have? Ever seen the stunning countryside that lies within the borough of Burnley or the views of the Yorkshire Dales from Burnley?
Like every other town, Burnley has its crappy parts - the difference is, here they are they exception rather than the rule. How is it over in Blackburn.... struggling to find the 'nice parts'?
Have you ever actually been to Burnley Jerome? Ever visited Towneley Hall, Gawthorpe Hall? Ever been to the Cliviger Gorge, the Singing Ringin Tree? Ever seen the beautiful old houses along Todmorden Rd, Padiham Road, Ighten Park Lane etc? Ever seen the beautiful parks we have? Ever seen the stunning countryside that lies within the borough of Burnley or the views of the Yorkshire Dales from Burnley? Like every other town, Burnley has its crappy parts - the difference is, here they are they exception rather than the rule. How is it over in Blackburn.... struggling to find the 'nice parts'? davidinburnley

9:55am Sat 28 Jul 12

RUinsane says...

The-Jerome-and-Steve
-Show wrote:
I live in Blackburn and yes its grim, but lets not get carried away Burnley is by far a bigger slum.
And they have that pride festival for all those Dale winton types. It got cancelled this year, as it clashed with their shoes.
[quote][p][bold]The-Jerome-and-Steve -Show[/bold] wrote: I live in Blackburn and yes its grim, but lets not get carried away Burnley is by far a bigger slum.[/p][/quote]And they have that pride festival for all those Dale winton types. It got cancelled this year, as it clashed with their shoes. RUinsane

10:04am Sat 28 Jul 12

RUinsane says...

davidinburnley wrote:
RUinsane - No. Then again, I don't know that many gay men that make a habit of asking 'ladies in fishnets' questions.
My point is that Blackburn (that apparently used to be part of Lancashire) is a sh!thole and there ain't nowt you, or anyone else, can say that will change the people who are fortunate enough not to live there.
If you want to believe it's an 'ace' place then a) you're deluded and b) you really need to get out more.
Hello david,I must admit that one was very clever of you and went right over my head sorry I've never entered into a conversation with a Burnley gay guy before about sh1tholes.
It just doesn't compute if you know what I mean.
[quote][p][bold]davidinburnley[/bold] wrote: RUinsane - No. Then again, I don't know that many gay men that make a habit of asking 'ladies in fishnets' questions. My point is that Blackburn (that apparently used to be part of Lancashire) is a sh!thole and there ain't nowt you, or anyone else, can say that will change the people who are fortunate enough not to live there. If you want to believe it's an 'ace' place then a) you're deluded and b) you really need to get out more.[/p][/quote]Hello david,I must admit that one was very clever of you and went right over my head sorry I've never entered into a conversation with a Burnley gay guy before about sh1tholes. It just doesn't compute if you know what I mean. RUinsane

2:09pm Sat 28 Jul 12

Reality50 says...

Blackburn ranks with the likes of Hull and Stoke and Barnsley in being a hovel of the north.Blackburn has lost it's cultural heritage with mills and factories knocked down and mosques springing up everywhere.The future of Blackburn is bleak and I predict it's a toss up 20 years from now between either Blackburn or Bradford to be the first major sized town or city to be run totally by the Asian community at both political and business level.The birthrate says it all and I am not being racist but just facing the reality of the future.Of course that would be fine if all communities integrated and worked together but of course that rarely happens.Blackburn has like many other Lancashire towns been on a massive downward spiral for the last decade.
Blackburn ranks with the likes of Hull and Stoke and Barnsley in being a hovel of the north.Blackburn has lost it's cultural heritage with mills and factories knocked down and mosques springing up everywhere.The future of Blackburn is bleak and I predict it's a toss up 20 years from now between either Blackburn or Bradford to be the first major sized town or city to be run totally by the Asian community at both political and business level.The birthrate says it all and I am not being racist but just facing the reality of the future.Of course that would be fine if all communities integrated and worked together but of course that rarely happens.Blackburn has like many other Lancashire towns been on a massive downward spiral for the last decade. Reality50

6:13pm Sat 28 Jul 12

peely says...

stan the man wrote:
Jim Bowen,Carl Fogarty,Jack Straw,all live out of Blackburn,the Telegraph need to go to the people of the town.the survey has been done,dont talk to people who only drive through the place!!!
Quite correct ,From the the comfort of their Ribble Valley / Cotswold homes they love to say how great and how proud they are of Blackburn but if asked to come and actually live in the town they'd run a mile! Absolute hypocrites but must say I don't blame them !
[quote][p][bold]stan the man[/bold] wrote: Jim Bowen,Carl Fogarty,Jack Straw,all live out of Blackburn,the Telegraph need to go to the people of the town.the survey has been done,dont talk to people who only drive through the place!!![/p][/quote]Quite correct ,From the the comfort of their Ribble Valley / Cotswold homes they love to say how great and how proud they are of Blackburn but if asked to come and actually live in the town they'd run a mile! Absolute hypocrites but must say I don't blame them ! peely

11:04am Sun 29 Jul 12

jack daniels says...

What did Damien Talbot and Mike Lee expect from people living in one of the 10th most poorest areas in England?
What did Damien Talbot and Mike Lee expect from people living in one of the 10th most poorest areas in England? jack daniels

10:39am Mon 30 Jul 12

verbal discharge says...

Another nail in Blackburn's coffin - Even the indigenous population can't stand living there.

The place is a dump and is going downhill rapidly, full of inbred peasants defecating in the street.

Horrible, dingy, run-down, smelly hovel.
Another nail in Blackburn's coffin - Even the indigenous population can't stand living there. The place is a dump and is going downhill rapidly, full of inbred peasants defecating in the street. Horrible, dingy, run-down, smelly hovel. verbal discharge

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